Situated in the heart of Southern Bulgaria, Gurkovo is a small town with a rich historical tapestry. Located in the Stara Zagora Province and close to the town of Nikolaevo, it serves as the administrative center of the Gurkovo Municipality. Yet, its significance extends far beyond its modest size.
A Municipality Between Mountains and Rivers
Positioned in Central Bulgaria, Gurkovo Municipality finds itself cradled between two prominent mountain ranges: the Stara Planina (Balkan Mountains) and Sredna Gora. At the eastern edge of the Rose Valley, this region boasts an enchanting natural setting.
Two rivers, the Radova and Lazova, wind their way through the municipality, while the Zhrebchevo Reservoir, a favorite spot for fishing, camping, and relaxation, enhances the area’s allure.
Historical Roots of Gurkovo
Early Mentions and Etymology
The origins of Gurkovo trace back to ancient times. The settlement first appears in a Turkish registry from 1450 under its early Bulgarian name, Kolupchii. This name is derived from the Turkish term kolakchiyan, meaning post, guard, or garrison village.
During the Ottoman era, the settlement took on the name Haineto or Hainkoy, referencing the nearby Hain-Boaz (Treacherous Pass), a moniker that evokes the perilous nature of the route.
The Struggles and Triumphs of a People
Gurkovo’s history shines brightest during the tumultuous years of Ottoman rule. Among its legendary heroes is Gencho Kargov, a brave rebel leader who defied the oppressors. The town also remembers the valiant efforts of Nikola Veranov and Stoyan Gruychev, close allies of the revolutionary leader Vasil Levski, who took part in the Stara Zagora Uprising of 1875. These figures later played key roles in guiding General Gurko’s forces through the treacherous Hain-Boaz Pass.
A Name Honoring Liberation
The village’s liberation on July 14, 1877, led to a profound transformation. In honor of General Iosif Gurko, the Russian commander who secured their freedom, the residents renamed the settlement to Gurkovo in 1906. For a brief period (1940–1947), it bore the name General Gurkovo, but it returned to simply Gurkovo, achieving town status on September 4, 1974.
Monuments of Memory and Gratitude
Gurkovo is a town that proudly commemorates its history through a series of monuments and memorials:
- Monument to General Gurko – A tribute to the Russian general who played a pivotal role in the town’s liberation.
- Monument to the Residents of Kolupchii – Honoring those who gave their lives during the Balkan Wars.
- Monument to Rebel Leader Gencho Kargov – Celebrating the legendary haiduk leader.
- Liberation Plaque – A solemn reminder of the town’s liberation from Ottoman rule.
- Memorial Complex “Third of March” – Inaugurated on March 3, 2024, this complex stands on the site marking General Gurko’s passage near the town. It was restored with the combined efforts of the municipality and local volunteers.
A Legacy of Courage and Resilience
Gurkovo’s past is steeped in courage, resilience, and a deep connection to its roots. Whether through its geographical beauty, heroic history, or commemorative landmarks, this small town in Bulgaria stands as a symbol of a nation’s enduring spirit. Visitors are invited to explore its legacy, revel in its natural splendor, and honor the sacrifices of its people.
